![]() ![]() Once you've developed your film, using an enlarger and an easel, you expose light-sensitive photographic paper through the film negative (the inverse copy of the photographic image), creating a positive image on the paper. During film development, the latent image is converted to a visible image and a chemical agent "fixes" the image to make it permanent. In the darkroom, photographers have to master the chemical processes involved in both developing film and making prints. In general, use film with a higher ISO at night and in low light use film with a lower ISO for bright light or sunny outdoor shots. The lower the ISO number, the less sensitive the film is to light. The film speed indicates a film's sensitivity to light and is rated by a fixed number known as the ISO. To ensure good exposure, photographers must consider not only the f-stop and shutter speed, but the film speed as well. Conversely, higher f-stops (narrower apertures) may require slower shutter speeds. Keep this relationship in mind: Lower f-stops (wider apertures) may require faster shutter speeds. When taking a photograph, if you need more light, use a lower f-stop (wider aperture) to allow more light in, or you can decrease the shutter speed to allow more time to let in light. The shutter speed and aperture work together to expose film to light. Stop-action photography requires fast shutter speeds, between 5. Longer shutter speeds require the use of a stabilizing device, like a tripod. For example, use the 60 setting for a 50mm lens. To avoid blur, the slowest shutter speed that can be used with a given lens is approximately equal to the focal length of that lens. The shutter speed also impacts what is in focus. Like f-stops, each adjacent shutter speed lets in either twice as much or half as much light as its neighbor. For example, 60 indicates 1/60th of a second. Shutter speeds are measured in multiples of two and are expressed without the fraction. For example, a shutter speed of 1/60th of a second allows twice as much light to reach the film as a speed of 1/125th of a second. The shutter remains open for a very specific duration of time the longer that time the more light can reach the film. The shutter is the part of the camera that moves or is released to allow light to reach the light-sensitive surface of the film. While the f-stop controls the amount of light reaching the film, the shutter speed controls the length of time that the film is exposed to that light. With smaller apertures, more of the total picture appears in sharp focus with larger apertures, less of the picture appears in sharp focus. The f-stop also controls the depth of field, the area of the total picture in front of and behind the subject that appears in sharp focus. Too much light can result in an overexposed image (in which the lighter parts of the scene become too light), and too little light can result in an underexposed image (in which the darker parts of the scene become too dark). ![]() If the subject reflects little light (if it's dark), a larger aperture is used. ![]() If the subject reflects bright light, a smaller aperture is used. Consecutive f-stops let in either twice as much light or half as much light as their neighbors. Smaller f-stops (such as f/16 and f/22) allow less light to reach the film. Larger f-stops (such as f/2 and f/1.4) allow more light to reach the film. The f-stop is the setting on the lens that indicates the aperture, or lens opening in numbers. As a photographer, you control what the brush puts on the canvas by manipulating the f-stop and the shutter speed. Photography is painting with light: the camera is the brush and the film is the canvas. The rest of the lights work now (but it probably doesn't make a boom sound).Understanding Technical Aspects of Photography Overview If the electric field is high enough, it could cause and electric breakdown in the material and turn it from an insulator into a conductor.This high voltage (120 volts) across a very short distance produces a very high electric field. Without current going through the bulbs, there is a high potential difference between the bypass wire and one of the filament posts (I will show why below).When the filament burns out, all the current going through all the bulbs in series stops.There must be some type of insulator between the bypass wire and the filament post. Like I said, in a functioning bulb this wire does not conduct electrical current.Yes, I could ues the internet to find out more about this bulb, but I really like guessing. Ok, now let me make some guesses as to how this magic Christmas light works. So, in order for this bulb to function properly in a strand (with a good filament), there shouldn't be a current going through this bypass wire. ![]()
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